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Health Impacts on Students

What classroom air actually does to a child's body and brain — pollutant by pollutant.

Carbon Dioxide

CO₂

A direct proxy for poor ventilation. Above ~1,000 ppm, students show measurable drops in attention and decision-making; above 1,500 ppm, drowsiness and headaches are common. Doubling CO₂ in a classroom roughly halves performance on complex cognitive tasks (Harvard COGfx).

Cognition Attention Drowsiness
Target: keep below 1,000 ppm during occupied hours.

Particulate Matter

PM2.5 / PM10

Fine particles penetrate deep into developing lungs and the bloodstream. Long-term exposure is linked to reduced lung growth, asthma onset, and chronic absenteeism. Even short-term spikes correlate with measurable drops in test performance.

Asthma Lung development Absenteeism
WHO 2021 annual guideline: PM2.5 ≤ 5 µg/m³, PM10 ≤ 15 µg/m³.

Volatile Organic Compounds

VOCs / TVOC

Off-gassed by paint, furniture, cleaning products, and markers. Children's higher respiration rates per kilogram of body weight make them more vulnerable. Short-term exposure causes irritation and headaches; some VOCs (e.g. formaldehyde) are recognised carcinogens.

Irritation Headaches Long-term risk
Best practice: ventilate during and after using cleaning products and freshly-painted rooms.

Nitrogen Dioxide

NO₂

Mostly traffic-related. Schools next to busy streets have markedly higher NO₂, which inflames airways and worsens asthma. The Barcelona xAire study (725 samplers, 1,650 students) tied NO₂ levels around schools to traffic patterns and successfully drove "School Streets" pedestrianisation.

Asthma trigger Traffic-related Policy lever
WHO 2021 annual guideline: NO₂ ≤ 10 µg/m³.

From measurement to action

SchoolAir kits expose all four of these in real time. Once a school has data, the conversation shifts from "we think the air is bad" to "here is the reading at 11:00 in classroom B." See Evidence & Research for the underlying studies and Standards & Resources for guideline values.